General Science: pH Concept, pH Value of Different Substances

pH Concept

                                                      

You have often heard that certain substances are acidic or basic in nature. What cause them to be acidic or baisc. How does one find out which substance is acidic, basic or neutral. All these things are determined with the help of a scale known as pH. Let's understand the pH concept.

pH stands for 'potential of Hydrogen' which measures the acidity or alkalinity of water-soluble subtances.

In 1909 S.P.L Sorenson, a Danish biochemeist devised a scale known as pH to represents the H^+ ion concentration of an aqueous solution. The pH value of any solution is a number that simply represents the acidity and basicity of the solution.

Observations:

• Substances  which have a pH value of 7 are neither basic nor acidic which means they're neutral in nature.

• Substances that have a pH value of less than 7 are acidic in nature.

• Substances that have a pH value of more than 7 are basic in nature.

List of pH Values of Some Ordinarily Substances

1. Pure Water - pH 7
2. Human Blood - pH  7.4
3. Milk - pH 6.5
4. Coffee - pH 5
5. Soft Drink - pH 6
6. Tomato Juice - pH 4.1
7. Lemon Juice - pH  2.3 - 2.4
8. Vinegar - pH 4
9. Human Urine - pH 5.5 - 7.5  (Average - 6)
10. Baking Soda Solution - pH 8.5
11. Washing Soda Solution - pH 9
12. Milk of Magnesia - pH 10.5
13. Acid Rain - pH 4
14. Battery Acid - pH 0
15. Stomach HCL - pH 1 - 1.5

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Scientific Name Of Vitamins - Food Sources, Classifications

 Scientific Names Of Vitamins

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A vitamin is an organic molecule that is an essential micro nutrient which an organism needs to survive. Different living organism have both, common names and scientific names. Likewise, all the vitamins have their respective scientific names. 

What are vitamins?

A vitamin is an organic compound which help an organism to perform biological functions. It is very vital that vitamins should be added to our daily diet in the recommended quantity.

Origin of the Word Vitamin

Vitamin word come from Latin vita ‘life’ + amine.

We have discussed Common Name, Scientific Name, Food Sources and Solubility.

1. Vitamin A

    Retinol

    Green leafy vegetables, milk, broccoli,oranges, nuts, guava, melon fruits, etc.

    (Fat Soluble)

2. Vitamin B1

    Thiamine

   Sweet potatoes, corn, dates, peas, milk, wheat, fruits, potatoes, etc.

   (Water Soluble)

3. Vitamin B2

    Riboflavin

   Milk, popcorn, pumpkin, dates, curd, grapes, mangoes, peas, etc.

   (Water Soluble)

4. Vitamin B3

    Niacin

    Meat, egg, milk, fish, cereals, etc.

   (Water Soluble)

5. Vitamin B5

    Pantothenic Acid

    Avacado, legumes, milk, fish, peanuts, mushrooms, egg yolk, etc.

    (Water Soluble)

6. Vitamin B6

    Pyridoxine

    Vegetables, soya beans, wheat, cereals, chicken, etc.

     (Water Soluble)

7. Vitamin B7

    Biotin

    Nuts, peanuts, milk, fish, bananas, cauliflower, etc.

    (Water Soluble)

8. Vitamin B9

    Folic Acid

    Citrus fruits, leafy vegetables, whole grains,

    legumes, beets, etc.

    (Water Soluble)

9.  Vitamin B12

     Cobalamin

     Meat, poultry,chicken, eggs, milk, etc.

     (Water Soluble)

10. Vitamin C 

      Ascorbic acid

     Citrus fruits, orange, grapefruit, sweet lime,

     broccoli, goat milk, chestnuts, etc.

     (Water Soluble)

11. Vitamin D

      Calciferol

      Fish, beef, cod liver oil, egg yolk, 

      chicken breast, cereals,etc.

      (Fat Soluble)

12. Vitamin E

      Tocopherol

      Potatoes, pumpkin, guava, mango,

      milk, nuts, seeds. etc.

      (Fat Soluble)

13. Vitamin K

      Phytonadione

     Tomatoes, broccoli, mangoes, grapes, chestnuts,

     cashew nuts, etc.

     (Fat Soluble)

Summary for quick revision:

Fat Soluble Vitamins:

•  Vitamin A - Retinol
•  Vitamin D - Calciferol
•  Vitamin E - Tocopherol
•  Vitamin K - Phytonadione

Water Soluble Vitamins:

• Vitamin B1 - Thiamine
• Vitamin B2 - Riboflavin
• Vitamin B3 - Niacin
• Vitamin B5 - Pantothenic Acid
• Vitamin B6 - Pyridoxine
• Vitamin B7 - Biotin
• Vitamin B9 - Folic Acid
• Vitamin B12 - Cobalamin
• Vitamin C - Ascorbic Acid

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